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C++ Program to Read an Amount and Find Number of Notes

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C++ program to count all notes in a certain quantity – In this unique essay, we’ll go over the many C++programming techniques for counting all the notes in a certain quantity.

The following are the methods used in C++ programming to determine how many notes overall there are in a given quantity:

  • Using the Standard Procedure
  • Making Use of User-Defined Function
  • Employing Pointers

As we all know, with cash bundles, a number of notes combine to equal the exact quantity of money that the person in question needs.

Similar to that, this blog discusses the various methods for counting the number of notes in a certain amount. In a bundle, a single note’s multiples are multiplied.

The total number of notes in a particular quantity can be counted using a C++ program. Check out the whole code with example programs and sample outputs here. You can check out more introductory C++ programs here.

Thus, there are a number of ways to calculate notes in a given quantity in C++ programming, as follows:

C++ Program to Read an Amount and Find Number of Notes

Logic to count minimum number of denomination for given amount

There are numerous efficient algorithms available to address the given issue. To simplify things for this experiment, I utilized the greedy method.

Using descriptive logic, determine the least amount of denominations.

Amount entered by the user. Put it in a variable, like amt.
If the amount is higher than 500, divide it by 500 to get the maximum number of notes needed, which is 500. Put the result of the division in a variable, such as note500 = amt / 500;.
Divide the original sum by 500 notes, and then deduct the result. Execute note500 * 500 – amt.

For each note, repeat the previous step 200, 100, 50, 20, 10, 5, 2, and 1.

#include<iostream>

using namespace std;

class money{

public:

    int note_size[9]={1000,500,200,100,50,20,10,5,2};

    int note_count[9]={0};

     money(int amount){

        for (int i=0;i<9;i++){

            if(amount>=note_size[i]){

                note_count[i]=amount/note_size[i];

                amount=amount%note_size[i];

            }

        }

        cout<<"counted notes >>"<<endl;

        for (int i=0;i<9;i++){

            if(note_count[i]!=0){ cout<<note_size[i]<<" taka x"<<note_count[i]<<endl;

            }   }                 }  };

int main(){   int amount;

cout<<"enter total amount : "; //C++ Program to Read an Amount and Find Number of Notes

cin >>amount;

money ob(amount);

return 0;}

Output:

C++ Program to Read an Amount and Find Number of Notes

Understanding Conditional Statements in C Programming, If Else in C

Object-Oriented Programming

C++ class Declaration

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C++ class Declaration

Class Name and Members Definition


In C++, the class keyword is used before the class name to declare a class. Curly braces are used to surround the class’s body. Here is a simple illustration of a class that represents a “Car”:

class Car {
    // Class members go here
};


Access Descriptors


Access specifiers are available in C++ to limit the visibility of class members. Private, protected, and public are the three primary access specifiers.

Public members serve as the class’s interface and can be accessed from outside the class.

private members can only be accessed from within the class; they cannot be accessed from the outside. They stand for the specifics of the internal implementation.

Similar to private but open to derived classes is protected.

Member Functions

class Circle {
public:
    // Constructor
    Circle(double radius) {
        this->radius = radius;
    }

    // Member function to calculate area
    double calculateArea() {
        return 3.14159 * radius * radius;
    }

private:
    double radius;
};

How to sum two numbers in Object-Oriented Programming

1. What is the purpose of a C++ class declaration?

A C++ class declaration integrates data and behaviors into a single entity and acts as a blueprint for building objects.

2. How do constructors and destructors differ in a class?

When an object is created, a special function known as a constructor is executed. This function is used to initialize data members. When an object is destroyed, destructors are invoked, releasing whatever resources the object was holding.

3. Can you explain the concept of inheritance in C++ classes?

By allowing a class to take on characteristics and behaviors from another class, inheritance encourages code reuse and establishes hierarchical relationships.
Object-Oriented Programming

How to use a string in Object-Oriented Programming Cpp

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How to use a string in Object-Oriented Programming Cpp

Are you new to object-oriented programming and wondering how to use a string in C++? Look no further. In this comprehensive guide, we will cover everything you need to know about using a string in object-oriented programming.

How to Use a String in Object-Oriented Programming C++

Introduction

Object-oriented programming is a popular programming paradigm that involves creating objects that contain data and functions. One of the most commonly used data types in object-oriented programming is the string. A string is a sequence of characters that can be used to represent text. In this guide, we will discuss how to use a string in object-oriented programming using C++.

How to Use a String in Object-Oriented Programming C++?

Example 1.

#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
class game
{
public:
    string name;
    string location;
    string character;
    void display()
    {
        cout<<name<<" "<<location<<"  "<<character<<endl;
    }
    game (string n,string l,string c)
    {
        name=n;
        location=l;
        character=c;
    }
};

int main()
{
    game play("rakib","dhaka","good");
    play.display();
    game play2("rana","mirpur","good");
    play2.display();
}

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Object-Oriented Programming

How to Sum Two Numbers in Object-Oriented Programming in C++

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How to Sum Two Numbers in Object-Oriented Programming in C++

Object-oriented programming is a powerful programming paradigm that provides numerous benefits, including code reusability, encapsulation, and inheritance. One common task in object-oriented programming is the addition of two numbers. In this article, we will discuss how to sum two numbers in object-oriented programming in C++.

Creating a Class for Addition

In C++, classes are used to define objects and their behavior. To create a class for addition, we first need to define the properties and methods that the class will have. In this case, the class will have two properties that represent the two numbers that we want to add. We will also define a method called “add” that will perform the addition operation and return the result.

class Addition {
    private:
        int num1;
        int num2;
    public:
        void setNumbers(int n1, int n2) {
            num1 = n1;
            num2 = n2;
        }
        int add() {
            return num1 + num2;
        }
};

In this code, we define a class called “Addition” with two private integer properties “num1” and “num2”. We also define a public method called “setNumbers” that takes two integer arguments and sets the values of “num1” and “num2” to those arguments. Finally, we define a public method called “add” that returns the sum of “num1” and “num2”.

Creating an Object of the Addition Class

Once we have defined the Addition class, we can create objects of the class and use them to perform addition operations. To create an object of the Addition class, we use the following code:

Addition obj;
obj.setNumbers(3, 4);
int sum = obj.add();

In this code, we create an object of the Addition class called “obj”. We then set the values of “num1” and “num2” to 3 and 4, respectively, using the “setNumbers” method. Finally, we call the “add” method on the object to get the sum of the two numbers.

Using Constructors

Constructors are special methods in a class that are called when an object of the class is created. In the Addition class, we can use a constructor to set the initial values of “num1” and “num2” when an object is created. The following code shows how to define a constructor for the Addition class:

class Addition {
    private:
        int num1;
        int num2;
    public:
        Addition(int n1, int n2) {
            num1 = n1;
            num2 = n2;
        }
        int add() {
            return num1 + num2;
        }
};

In this code, we define a constructor for the Addition class that takes two integer arguments and sets the values of “num1” and “num2” to those arguments. We can then create an object of the Addition class with the following code:

Addition obj(3, 4);
int sum = obj.add();

In this code, we create an object of the Addition class called “obj” and pass the values 3 and 4 to the constructor. The values of “num1” and “num2” are set to 3 and 4, respectively, when the object is created. We can then call the “add” method on the object to get the sum of the two numbers.

Conclusion

In this article, we have discussed how to sum two numbers in object-oriented programming in C++. We created a class called “Addition” that takes two numbers as input, adds them together, and returns the result using a public member function called “sum”. By following these steps, you can easily sum two numbers in C++ using object-oriented programming principles. We hope this article has been helpful in guiding you towards creating quality content that outranks other websites on Google search results.

Example

#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
 class test
 {
     public:
    int name(int a,int b);
 };
int test::name(int a,int b)
{
int c=a+b;
 cout<<c;
}
int main()
{
    int c;
 test obj;
 obj.name(30,50);


}

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Object-Oriented Programming

How to create a class in cpp?

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How to create a class in cpp?

#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
class myclass{
public:
int name(int a,int b);  //this is function 

};
int myclass::name(int a,int b)  //This is a member function 
{
    if(a>b){
        cout <<a;
    }
    else
    {
        cout<<b;
    }
    return 0;
}
int main()
{
    myclass obj;    // myclass object is obj 

    obj.name(30,50);     //a=30,b=50
}

In the myclass declaration, the member function name is declared to take two integer parameters a and b and return an integer. The function is not defined within the class declaration, but its definition is provided later in the code.

The definition of the name function begins with int myclass::name(int a, int b), indicating that it is a member function of the myclass class. Inside the function, there is an if statement that checks if a is greater than b. If this condition is true, it prints the value of a using cout. Otherwise, it prints the value of b.

The main function is where the program starts executing. It creates an object of the myclass class called obj. Then, it calls the name function on the obj object, passing the values 30 and 50 as arguments. This will invoke the name function, and depending on the values of a and b, it will print either 30 or 50 to the console.

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Learn C++ Classes: Definition, Examples, and How to Use Them-1

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Learn C++ Classes: Definition, Examples, and How to Use Them

If you’re new to programming, understanding object-oriented programming can seem daunting. However, once you understand the basics, you can easily create your own classes in C++. In this article, we’ll walk you through the steps of creating a class in C++.

What is a Class?

In object-oriented programming, a class is a blueprint for creating objects. Objects are instances of a class that contains data and functions. The data is referred to as member variables, while the functions are called member functions.

Advantages of Using Classes in C++

Using classes in C++ has several advantages, including:

  • Modularity: Classes allow you to break down your program into smaller, more manageable pieces.
  • Reusability: Once you’ve created a class, you can reuse it in multiple programs.
  • Data Abstraction: Classes allow you to hide implementation details, making it easier to change the implementation without affecting the rest of the program.
  • Inheritance: Using inheritance, you can create new classes based on existing classes, inheriting their data and functions.

How to Declare a Class in C++

To declare a class in C++, you use the class keyword followed by the name of the class. For example:

class MyClass {
    // class members
};

Defining a Class in C++

To define a class in C++, you need to specify its members, which include data members and member functions. For example:

class MyClass {
public:
    int x; // data member
    void myFunction(); // member function
};

In the above example, x is a data member, and myFunction is a member function. Data members can be of any type, including other classes.

Example: 1st program using class

Access Specifiers in C++

Access specifiers control the visibility of class members. There are three access specifiers in C++:

  • public: Members declared as public can be accessed from anywhere in the program.
  • private: Members declared as private can only be accessed from within the class.
  • protected: Members declared as protected can only be accessed from within the class and its derived classes.

For example:

class MyClass {
public:
    int x; // public data member
private:
    int y; // private data member
protected:
    int z; // protected data member
};

Constructors and Destructors in C++

Constructors are special member functions that are called when an object is created. They are used to initialize the object’s data members. Destructors, on the other hand, are called when an object is destroyed and are used to clean up any resources that the object is using.

For example:

class MyClass {
public:
    MyClass(); // constructor
    ~MyClass(); // destructor
};

Member Functions in C++

Member functions are functions that are defined inside a class and operate on the object’s data members. They can be declared as public, private, or protected. For example:

class MyClass {
public:
    void myFunction(); // public member function
private:
    void myPrivateFunction(); // private member function
};

Encapsulation in C++

Encapsulation refers to the practice of bundling data and methods together in a single unit, such as a class or struct. This practice hides the implementation details of the class from the outside world, preventing unintended modifications or access to the class’s data. Encapsulation allows developers to control access to the class’s data by providing a public interface that other classes can use to interact with the data. In C++, the access modifiers public, private, and protected are used to control access to a class’s members.

Public Access Modifier

The public access modifier allows any object to access a class’s public members. This means that any object can call the public functions of the class.

Private Access Modifier

The private access modifier allows only the class’s members to access its private members. This means that any object outside of the class cannot call the private functions of the class.

Protected Access Modifier

The protected access modifier allows only the class’s members and its derived classes to access its protected members. This means that any object outside of the class and its derived classes cannot call the protected functions of the class.

What is Inheritance in C++?

Inheritance is a mechanism that allows one class to inherit the properties of another class. The class that is inherited from is called the base class, while the class that inherits from it is called the derived class. Inheritance allows derived classes to reuse the code and properties of their base classes, resulting in more modular and maintainable code.

Types of Inheritance

There are several types of inheritance in C++, including:

Single Inheritance

Single inheritance is when a derived class inherits from a single base class.

Multiple Inheritance

Multiple inheritance is when a derived class inherits from two or more base classes.

Multilevel Inheritance

Multilevel inheritance is when a derived class inherits from a base class, which itself inherits from another base class.

Hierarchical Inheritance

Hierarchical inheritance is when multiple derived classes inherit from a single base class.

Hybrid Inheritance

Hybrid inheritance is a combination of two or more types of inheritance.

What is Polymorphism in C++?

Polymorphism is the ability of objects to take on different forms, depending on the context in which they are used. Polymorphism allows objects of different classes to be treated as if they were of the same type. This can be useful for creating generic functions or classes that can operate on objects of different types.

Polymorphism Example

Types of Polymorphism

There are two types of polymorphism in C++:

Compile-time Polymorphism

Compile-time polymorphism occurs when the function or method to be called is determined at compile-time. This type of polymorphism is also known as static polymorphism or method overloading.

Run-time Polymorphism

Run-time polymorphism occurs when the function or method to be called is determined at run-time. This type of polymorphism is also known as dynamic polymorphism or method overriding.

What are Abstract Classes in C++?

An abstract class is a class that cannot be instantiated but can be inherited. Abstract classes are used to define a common interface for a group of related classes. An abstract class contains one or more pure virtual functions, which are functions without any implementation. Pure virtual functions are used to define an interface

Final Thoughts

In conclusion, creating a class in C++ is an important aspect of object-oriented programming. By following the steps outlined in this article, you can easily create your own classes and take advantage of the benefits that come with using object-oriented programming. Remember to use access specifiers to control the visibility of class members, use constructors and destructors to initialize and clean up objects, and use member functions to operate on the object’s data members.

If you’re new to programming, it’s important to take your time and practice creating classes to become more comfortable with the process. With practice, you’ll become more confident in your programming abilities and be able to create more complex programs.

Thank you for reading this article on how to create a class in C++. We hope you found it helpful and informative.

Object-Oriented Programming

Understanding Inheritance in C++ with Code Examples

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Understanding Inheritance in C++ with Code Examples

C++ is an object-oriented programming language that allows developers to create complex programs through the use of classes and objects. One of the key features of C++ is inheritance, which allows developers to create new classes that inherit properties and methods from existing classes.

In this article, we’ll explore the concept of inheritance in C++ and how it works. We’ll also provide code examples to illustrate how inheritance can be used in practice.

Introduction

Inheritance is a concept in object-oriented programming that allows developers to create new classes based on existing classes. The new class, known as the derived class or child class, inherits properties and methods from the existing class, known as the base class or parent class.

The purpose of inheritance is to reuse code and avoid redundancy. Instead of writing new code for each new class, developers can simply inherit the properties and methods they need from existing classes.

What is Inheritance?

Inheritance is the process of creating a new class that is a modified version of an existing class. The new class, called the derived class, inherits properties and methods from the existing class, called the base class.

The derived class can add new properties and methods, or modify existing ones, but it also has access to all the properties and methods of the base class.

Types of Inheritance

There are several types of inheritance in C++, including:

Single Inheritance

Single inheritance is the most common type of inheritance in C++. In single inheritance, a derived class inherits from a single base class.

Multiple Inheritance

Multiple inheritance is a type of inheritance in which a derived class inherits from multiple base classes. This allows developers to create more complex class hierarchies.

Multi-Level Inheritance

Multi-level inheritance is a type of inheritance in which a derived class inherits from a base class, and that base class itself inherits from another base class.

Hierarchical Inheritance

Hierarchical inheritance is a type of inheritance in which multiple derived classes inherit from a single base class.

Hybrid Inheritance

Hybrid inheritance is a combination of multiple inheritance and hierarchical inheritance.

Syntax of Inheritance

The syntax of inheritance in C++ is as follows:

class DerivedClass : accessSpecifier BaseClass {
    // Body of derived class
};

In this syntax, DerivedClass is the name of the derived class, accessSpecifier specifies the access level of the base class (public, protected, or private), and BaseClass is the name of the base class.

Access Control in Inheritance

Access control in inheritance determines how the properties and methods of the base class are accessed by the derived class. There are three access specifiers in C++: public, protected, and private.

  • Public: public members of the base class are accessible by the derived class.
  • Protected: protected members of the base class are accessible by the derived class, but not by code outside the class hierarchy.
  • Private: private members of the base class are not accessible by the derived class.

Constructors and Destructors in Inheritance

Constructors and destructors are special member functions in C++ that are used to create and destroy objects.

  • Constructors in Inheritance: Constructors are special member functions that are used to initialize objects when they are created. Constructors are called automatically when an object is created, and they are used to set the initial values of member variables. When a derived class is created, its constructor automatically calls the constructor of the base class to initialize the inherited properties.
  • Destructors in Inheritance: Destructors are special member functions that are used to destroy objects when they are no longer needed. Destructors are called automatically when an object goes out of scope or is explicitly deleted. When a derived class is destroyed, its destructor automatically calls the destructor of the base class to destroy the inherited properties.

Constructors examples

Virtual Functions in Inheritance

Virtual functions are a feature of C++ that allows functions to be overridden in derived classes. Virtual functions are declared in the base class and are implemented in the derived class. When a virtual function is called on a derived class object, the implementation in the derived class is called instead of the implementation in the base class. Virtual functions enable polymorphism, which we will discuss in the next section.

Polymorphism in Inheritance

Polymorphism is a key feature of object-oriented programming that allows objects of different classes to be treated as if they are the same type. Polymorphism is achieved through the use of virtual functions, which enable derived classes to provide their own implementation of a function. Polymorphism enables code to be written that is more generic and can be applied to a wider range of objects.

How can you use inheritance and polymorphism in C++?

Code Example: Understanding Inheritance in C++

Let’s take a look at an example to understand how inheritance works in C++. Suppose we have a base class called “Shape” that has two properties, “width” and “height”. We can create a derived class called “Rectangle” that inherits from “Shape” and adds a new property called “color”.

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

class Shape {
   protected:
      int width, height;

   public:
      Shape( int a=0, int b=0) {
         width = a;
         height = b;
      }

      int getArea() {
         cout << "Parent class area :" <<endl;
         return 0;
      }
};

class Rectangle: public

Object-Oriented Programming

How can you use inheritance and polymorphism in C++?

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How can you use inheritance and polymorphism in C++?

Inheritance and polymorphism are two fundamental concepts in object-oriented programming that allow you to create relationships between classes and reuse code efficiently. In C++, you can use inheritance and polymorphism as follows:

Inheritance

  1. Inheritance: Inheritance allows you to create a new class (derived class) that is a modified version of an existing class (base class). The derived class inherits all the members of the base class, including its variables and functions. To use inheritance in C++, you can define a derived class that inherits from a base class using the following syntax:
class BaseClass {
    // base class members
};

class DerivedClass : public BaseClass {
    // derived class members
};

In this example, the derived class DerivedClass inherits from the base class BaseClass using the public access specifier. This means that all the public members of the base class are accessible from the derived class. You can then add new members or modify the inherited members in the derived class as needed.[How can you use inheritance and polymorphism in C++?]

Example of polymorphism in C++

  1. Polymorphism: Polymorphism allows you to write code that can work with objects of different classes generically. C++ supports two types of polymorphism: compile-time polymorphism (also called function overloading) and run-time polymorphism (also called virtual functions). To use run-time polymorphism in C++, you can define a virtual function in the base class and override it in the derived class as follows:
class BaseClass {
public:
    virtual void doSomething() {
        // base class implementation
    }
};

class DerivedClass : public BaseClass {
public:
    virtual void doSomething() override {//example of polymorphism in c++
        // derived class implementation
    }
};

In this example, the base class BaseClass defines a virtual function doSomething() that can be overridden by the derived class DerivedClass. The override keyword ensures that the function is actually being overridden in the derived class. You can then use a pointer or reference of the base class to call the virtual function on objects of both the base and derived classes, and the correct implementation will be called at run-time based on the actual type of the object. This allows you to write code that is more generic and reusable.[How can you use inheritance and polymorphism in C++?]

Quora question link

Object-Oriented Programming

Write a C++ program to add two numbers using the constructor-1.

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Write a C++ program to add two numbers using the constructor

Example 1.

#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
 class test
{
public:
    int x;
    int y;
    int c;
    test()
    {
        cin>>x>>y;
        c=x+y;
        cout<<c;

    }
};
int main()
{
    test a;

}

Input: 5 6

Output: 11

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Explanation

The C++ program above creates a class named “test” that has three integer variables: x, y, and c. It also has a constructor method that takes no arguments and initializes x and y by reading two integers from the standard input (using the “cin” function). Then, it calculates the sum of x and y and stores it in c. Finally, it outputs the value of c to the standard output (using the “cout” function).

In the main function, an instance of the “test” class is created, which automatically calls the constructor method. This results in the sum of the two input numbers being printed to the console.

Overall, this program demonstrates how to use a constructor to initialize the values of a class’s member variables and perform some computations based on those values.

Object-Oriented Programming | C++ | Data Structures and Algorithms